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Ruthenium Plating Process
Q. Hi Guys, I'm new. I'm currently working on doing ultra black ruthenium. Based on my research I should be able to get a nice finish after about 8 minutes. 165 °F, good agitation.
I'm struggling to get a full even finish even after 30 minutes. Running at about 2.5 volts. Miata lost. I'm getting uneven finish and not full dark grey or black. I am using a home made gold plated copper rack to hold the Libertads coins. Any suggestions? I am a rookie. ⇐ answer?
DJ Jones- Walker Louisiana
October 11, 2023
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Q. I would like to communicate with anyone who is involved with the coating of ruthenium, or other platinum-group metals, onto other substrates. Any technique can be used, such as thermal spraying, electroplating, electroless deposition, etc.
Regards,
University of the Witwatersrand
1995
Ed. note: That's the purpose of the forum, Wayne. But we promote public discussion, not private matchmaking, which disenfranchises readers, cutting them out from what they found interesting. We have all the room in the world for anything anyone wishes to share or publicly collaborate with you. Thanks & good luck.
Q. Also interested in methods involving Ruthenium electroplating.
Thanks,
USN - Bangor, Washington
Q. DEAR SIR,
I AM STUDENT OF MSC ENGINEERING IN PAKISTAN. I NEED RUTHENIUM COATING PROCESS (METHOD, COMPOSITION OF SOLUTIONS, ETC., FOR MY MSC PROJECT.
I SHALL OBLIGE FOR YOU.
- FAISAL ABAD, PAKISTAN
2003
A. Hello, Wayne, David, Shahid.
• "Electroless Plating" by Mallory & Hajdu has a chapter on electroless plating of Platinum Group Metals, including a couple of pages specifically on Ruthenium ⇨
• Please see topic 50771, "Electroless plating of ruthenium or iridium" for an ongoing discussion of electroless deposition of Ruthenium.
Please feel free to post any followup questions. Good luck.
Ted Mooney, P.E.
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Q. I've been doing some electroforming of gold onto copper mandrels and etching out the gold with nitric acid. Now the customer wants to have a "medium Z" material (Ruthenium to Antimony) electroformed. In one of the ancient "Ask plater B" queries I had read a response to a similar question which suggested Ruthenium as being resistant to attack from nitric acid. Is this true? Can I plate Ru directly onto copper? (The customer doesn't want stress cracks so I've shied away from Rhodium). I need to plate ~25 microns (1 mil) onto the substrate. Does Ru sound possible? ⇐ answer?
Fred E [surname deleted due to age of posting]1996
Multiple threads merged: please forgive chronology errors and repetition 🙂
Q. What does RUTHENIUM look like and if you have some could you take a picture of it and send it to the email address above? The reason I ask of it for is I'm doing a project for school on ruthenium in chemistry class. If you would and are able to, please do so at your leisure.
THANK YOU,
Jordan B [surname deleted for privacy by Editor]- Birchwood, Tennessee, USA
2002
A. Gee, Jordan, there's a picture right here!
www.chemsoc.org/viselements/pages/data/ruthenium_data.html ⇩
-- which you'd find in a short Google search. You'll notice it's just a silvery-white hunk of metal, kind of like silver, or platinum, or aluminum, or if your digital camera is a cheap as mine, like copper, or cardboard, or …
Good luck!
Lee Gearhart
metallurgist - E. Aurora, New York
Ed. update: The above link broke. Thankfully, the Internet Archive preserved a copy here 
Need low temperature Ruthenium Plating
Q. Usually Ruthenium is electroplated at temperature of 60-70 °C. In my application, I need to plate Ruthenium at a temperature of 50 °C or lower. Is there such chemical and process available?
⇐ answer?
Thanks,
- Milpitas, California, USA
2003
A. Hi Larry. Although following the suggested process parameters leads to the best long-term reliable production plating, I doubt that it is impossible for the process solution you are speaking of to generate a satisfactory plating layer at 50 °C. But hopefully a reader will confirm or refute it.
Luck & Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E.
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Earliest known use of ruthenium plating on 18k white gold?
by Anastasia Young
on eBay or Amazon
or AbeBooks
(affil link)
Q. Hi - I'm a hobbyist jeweler and collector and I'm trying to date an 18 carat white gold pendant found recently at an antique fair.
It has clear UK hallmarks for 18k gold and the London assay office, but unfortunately the shape of the shield round the date letter is obscured, putting the piece somewhere between 1840 and 1960!
The pendant is in a late 19th century / early 20th century style - white gold in a loose fleur de lys shape, pave set with diamonds with pendant aquamarine & peridot briolette drops on white gold chain. However, the gold behind the pave set diamonds is blackened with what I think is ruthenium electroplating, so I assume it must be a much later piece than c. 1900.
Is there anyone out there who knows when ruthenium plating was first used on 18k gold or is aware of any earlier techniques that might have been used to blacken white gold?
Thanks
collector - London, England
2005
Ruthenium plating onto titanium
Q. Is a gold strike necessary when plating ruthenium onto titanium or can the Ru be plated directly to the Ti.
RFQ: I need to plate some titanium round bar .250 - .500 " dia. with ruthenium oxide. I could use some tech support with this to see if it is practical to do it myself. I would also consider jobbing it out if someone is already doing this.
Safe Drinking Water Tech for third world poor - Rockwell, North Carolina, USA
2006
A. Hi Rusty. Rather than definitively answering that, because I can't, I will at least suggest that the hard part is not the electrodeposition of ruthenium, but getting anything to properly plate onto and adhere to titanium. If you are able to get the gold to adhere, count your blessings rather than trying to skip the gold :-)
Please see thread 40558, "Poor adhesion of plating onto titanium", where Hamilton Solidum relates his successful procedure for plating gold onto titanium, or search the site for "plating on titanium". Good luckQ
Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E.
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Want Jet Black Color with Ruthenium Plating
Q. Hello
My Name is Sudhir, I'm basically a watchmaker, recently my client in Belgium wanted me to plate his watch movements in black color, I have been using white rhodium plating on mechanical watch movements, using an intermediate coating of Palladium. Ever since my buyer wanted to get black finish, I have been researching all around the internet: I just saw that Umicore came up with "Blacker" Ruthenium product number 479, also I read some articles on the net stating that Pen plating Black Rhodium [adv: black rhodium plating solution on
eBay
or
Amazon [affil link]
gets a better blacker finish than bath Rhodium; at the same time some articles saying that pen plating don't ever get you even finish.
Now I'm really not in a position to settle down to any solution, please help me about this problem, I'm willing to hire any professional help in this regard,
Thanking you
- Chennai, TN, India
June 21, 2008
Ed. note: This RFQ is outdated, but technical replies are welcome, and readers are encouraged to post their own RFQs. But no public commercial suggestions please ( huh? why?).
A. Sudhir,
If you are unsure on what solution to use, have a local precious metal supplier plate some samples for you. Watch movements are very small and it would seem pen plating would be difficult. Bath plating would have lower thickness variations than pen plate because human error is minimized, and bath plating can plate better in recessed areas. It is hard for anyone just to give you a product name to suit your needs. What if the color of the deposit does not match your needs?
process engineer - Malone, New York
A. Hi, Sudhir Ostwal,
Ruthenium plating, and bath not pen plating, as Mark said rightly is the answer.
There are supply houses making and marketing Ruthenium process. But I want to tell you that this will not be jet black in colour but an attractive dark grey.
Kindly look around in your city itself as I understand there are suppliers of this process.
T.K. Mohan
plating process supplier - Mumbai, India
Is ruthenium safe?
Q. Hi all,
I have come across jewelry shops that coats rings or pendants with either rhodium or ruthenium. I am interested in buying such jewelry, but I am quite uncertain about its safety. I have browsed online quite a bit and found that rhodium is used often. However, I have not found much about ruthenium. On wikipedia itself, it says ruthenium can stain the skin and cause cancer.
I want to know for sure: Is ruthenium or rhodium safe? Even if the jewelry is worn at all times without taking it off?
Please let me know. Thank you very much
buyer - Champaign, Illinois, USA
April 20, 2009
The Elements by Theodore Gray
on eBay or Amazon
or AbeBooks
(affil link)
A. Hi, Pepe. Nothing is sure but death and taxes. But the majority of all women's engagement rings and wedding rings, and all kinds of necklaces and bracelets are rhodium plated -- hundreds of millions of them -- so it's certainly generally accepted as safe.
I'm not as familiar with ruthenium, but Theodore Gray's "The Elements", says "... you're most likely to encounter ruthenium in jewelry, as a thin plating that has a darkish gray, pewter-like shine to it.".
Further, I do not see any reference to skin stains or carcinogeneity on Wikipedia as you report.
Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E.
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Need Ruthenium plating on hard nickel parts
RFQ: My company has a technical application requiring Ruthenium plating on thin hard nickel panels.
If you can do it consistently and reliably this would be an on-going requirement for our business.
An NDA will be required.
Electronics - Minneapolis, MN, USA
May 26, 2009
Ed. note: This RFQ is outdated, but technical replies are welcome, and readers are encouraged to post their own RFQs. But no public commercial suggestions please ( huh? why?).
Q. Hello, I am a goldsmith. I'd like to have a new design on our gold and silver collection of chains and pendants. I want to use Ruthenium bath to give a black color to our gold and silver collection to get a fixed and heat resistant color (I have to solder next components on it after coloration). I want to use a Nickel Strike bath. I heard about Wood's Nickel Strike bath and Sulfamate Nickel Strike solution. Please, can you give me more information how to make it. What solution is better for me. Or if you have other idea how to do it. Thank you very much. J.T.
Jana Tietzgoldsmith - Czech
March 10, 2010
Ed. note: Please also search the site for "Wood's Nickel" and/or "Nickel Strike", Jana. We have a dozen threads about nickel strike formulations, and non-allergenic alternatives.
Q. Hi everyone. I have a question about ruthenium plating onto jewellery!
The obtained layers have a very dark colour. What's the problem?
10 v, 1 min, 65 degrees.
- IRAN
June 12, 2012
A. Hi, You can use a complex (alloy) solution of ruthenium and rhodium.
Gurudatta Thakur- Mumbai, India
How to get harder Ruthenium deposit?
Q. How to achieve a harder deposit of 0.1 µm of black ruthenium?
Because this deposit is not OK at the wear test (Turbula 30 minutes).
Thank you for your reply.
- Italy
November 16, 2013
A. Hi Gregorio. Sorry, I'm only slightly familiar with the Turbula wear test. But 0.1µm by itself seems thin to me; this paper ⇨
describes various 2-layer coatings involving rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, and palladium, and alloys of them with each layer being 0.1 µm, subjected to tests including a 2-hour Turbula test.
Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E.
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Looking to create a durable black on nickel based white golds
Q. I am looking to create a durable black oxidation on all white golds. Also, palladium and platinum would be a bonus. I have tried pen-plated black rhodium, finding it is not all that black. But it also seems to wear off quickly as well. I have tried tellurium solutions as well and with the same results. Most of these will last only a few days to a few weeks. Has anyone had success with a blackening agent on gold that is very dark, and long lasting? Thank you
Peter Jongoldsmith - Bend Oregon
March 30, 2014
by John F. O'Hanlon
on eBay or Amazon
or AbeBooks
(affil link)
A. We had a customer come to us with a similar problem -- trying to get black on white gold. We didn't see how it could be done with plating, so we applied a black coating by PVD. Worked fine, customer is happy and likely to go into production.
Jim Treglio - scwineryreview.com
PVD Consultant & Wine Lover
San Diego, California
Q. Dear All,
We have a 30 liter tank made of PP sheets; we use it for dark ruthenium electroplating. But our ruthenium electrolyte makes everything including our pp sheets black. How can we fix this problem? I hear there is a stabilizer salt but I don't know it. Hope to hear from you soon.
⇐ answer?
Many Thanks.
- Isfahan, Iran
November 13, 2015
Q. I'm looking to purchase a couple items made of Rhuthenium
^ Ruthenium. Should I be concerned of the toxicity of the element?
- El Campo, Texas, USA
January 6, 2017
The Elements by Theodore Gray
on eBay or Amazon
or AbeBooks
(affil link)
A. Hi Allen. There is no material anywhere which nobody considers harmful, toxic, or allergenic :-)
But ruthenium (we corrected your spelling for better Googling) is a fairly widely used precious metal plating considered by most to not be toxic in any way.
Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Ruthenium Pen Plating Solution isn't dark enough
Q. Dear All,
I made my own ruthenium pen plating solution includes Ruthenium trichloride and sulfuric acid mixture.
It works very good but I am looking for a more black deposit.
What kind of blackening agent shall I add?
⇐ answer?
Hope to hear from you soon.
Regards,
Jalal
- Isfahan, Iran
April 25, 2017
Black Rhodium vs Black Ruthenium wear resistance
Q. Hi,
My fiancé bought me a black ruthenium plated ring, and the plating started to wear off in less than a day. After a week it was almost entirely gone. The shop said they had sold lots of them and it had never happened before, so it must be my skin. Do you think there is any validity to the argument that my skin can break down a metal as hard at this? They are getting it re-plated; I asked if I could have a thicker plate, or if they could try black Rhodium but they say there is only one thickness option with Ruthenium and that it's better than Rhodium.
I am also a student jeweler so I want to know for the future, what will last longer, black ruthenium or black rhodium? I see lots of posts about the colour, but none about durability.
Thanks,
Laura
- London, UK
October 12, 2017
A. Hi Laura,
Rhodium and ruthenium hardness are similar at ~800-1000 HV with excellent wear and corrosion resistance but rhodium price is almost 9 times of ruthenium.
The problem happened on you could due to too thin ruthenium deposit thickness, low ruthenium deposit purity, poor adhesion between ruthenium and underlying metal, too frequent wearing, etc.
Regards,
David
David Shiu
- Singapore
Black color plating for jewelry
Q. I would like to know how to make it very deep black color for jewelry plating and not effect with skin and not have any allergic reaction.
Sittikorn RakjaiJewelry plating manufacture - Bangkok , Thailand
April 2, 2018
A. Hi Sittikorn. We added your inquiry to a related thread. Black ruthenium and black rhodium are your two plating choices, with the rhodium costing a lot more as David Shiu has advised. We are left with the question of whether the colors are up to your desire for a "very deep black color", and durable enough for the quality of jewelry you wish to offer.
Jim Treglio has advised that you may be able to get the desired color with a PVD process -- but these are usually only available and applicable for very high production requirements. What type of jewelry do you wish to color, and what is the production volume? Good luck.
Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Q. Is David correct in that the wear resistance of black ruthenium plating is similar to black rhodium?
Can anyone recommend a black ruthenium pen plating solution available in the USA that yields a very black glossy finish?
Thanks!
- Chicago, Illinois US
May 15, 2019
A. Hi Thomas. Yes, Ruthenium is wear resistant, and it's a good choice -- but it's probably not as wear resistant as a proprietary ruthenium-rhodium plating (see the paper offered in response to Gregorio wear problem above). Readers are encouraged to offer any helpful technical thoughts, but sorry, we don't encourage suggestions of specific brands or sources (why?) except as clearly labeled paid advertising.
Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
Q. How can I get the darkest black on sterling silver, as in making a bracelet. Not liver of sulfur, but a dark black ... and then I want to add 24 kt gold like keum-boo to the black. Years ago I remember gun metal plating.
Alexa Smarshjeweler - Paradise, Florida
May 20, 2019
A. Hi Alexa. Black ruthenium plating should give you the hard black look you seek. However, I don't know how well keum-boo will adhere because they might be addition agents which interfere. Give it is try :-)
Regards,
Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
Ted is available for instant help
or longer-term assistance.
RUTHUNA 479
Q. This is my situation. I have over 100 custom pieces to finish by the end of September. I have done fine jewelry plating before but I am having trouble with Umicore's RUTHUNA 479 black ruthenium plating solution. Was wondering if anyone here has tried this solution before. I am open for any help to get a great finish.
The main issue have is understanding the pH balance and getting the pre-gilding right.
⇐ answer?
Jeweler employee - Houston, Texas, United States
August 28, 2019
Activation of EN for Ruthenium Plating?
Q. Ruthenium plating on EN high phosphorus?
I need to plate Ruthenium black with under coat of Electroless nickel to meet 96 hours SST. Can you suggest a good activation method between EN and Ru, to get good adhesion? I have tried with palladium as catalyst between EN and Ru.
⇐ answer?
- COIMBATORE Tamilnadu, India
March 2, 2022
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