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Problems in cyanide copper plating

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Q. To Experts,

I have problem in my Cyanide copper plating baths. The problem is red spot and red patches. How to solve this issue? Kindly give me suggestion to solve. Copper metal is 50 g/l, free potassium cyanide 25 g/l in the plating solution.

Thank you
Gandhi
Singapore

Q. Hello, we are having trouble with the free cyanide concentration in our copper cyanide electroplating procedure.

We have 10 baths 1 m3 each, with about 9,5 g/l free CN, 61 g/l Cu and 130 g/l CO3. We have titanium baskets with solid Cu as anode.

Each day we add almost 1m3 H2O from the first rinse, we add almost 350 kg Cu in the baskets and almost 30 kg NaCN. We make chemical analysis of the bath every day. Lately we have black spots after the polishing and we can't bring the appropriate balance to the bath (concentration of Cu and CN). Any idea how we could increase the concentration of the CN and have the same concentration of the Cu (60 g/l) in the solution? Why do we have so many fluctuations of the Ampere-hours that we need to electroplate the same amount of Cu? (We put in the barrel 100kg and it takes 2500 - 2800 Ah to succeed 25[?]m)
Thank you for your help.
Matina Tsolaki

Q. I am a newcomer for cyanide copper plating industry. I am badly in need of having standards for following. Please help me sir.

1) CN concentration in bath
2) Cu Concentration in bath
3) pH value
4) Desired density in plating bath.

5) What are details (bath status) can be taken about plating bath, by looking at density value?

6)What are the details can be taken about plating bath, by looking at pH value?

7)How to measure Anode cathode current density? what are the details can be taken by looking of this value?

8) what is the importance of temperature?

I am looking forward to hear from you at the earliest.

A. Hi L.K.,

Usually available on eBay; sometimes
on AbeBooks
or Amazon

(affil links)
free pdf is currently available from academia.edu

Please view the cyanide copper plating section of the Metal Finishing Guidebook, which addresses those issues with a nice 4-page introduction, then get back to us with your remaining questions. That on-line book is no longer supported as Elsevier Science has ceased publication of Metal Finishing, so view it while you can :-)
Good luck.

Regards,

Ted Mooney, P.E. RET
Striving to live Aloha
finishing.com - Pine Beach, New Jersey
March 2015

A. Hi, Wijerathne
Your cyanide plate bath have anodes polarise problem because of the ph is not right. Once your anodes polarise you lose coverage on parts. Make sure caustic concentration in cyanide bath is right.

Popatbhai B. Patel
electroplating consultant - Roseville, Michigan
July 27, 2015

Q. Dear sir
We are having cyanide copper bath which seems to be declining day by day. We are making all our efforts to increase the concentration above 60 gm/Lt but it's not working. After adding lots of chemicals they are getting wasted because the anodes are getting black after two days with applying current 2amp/DM square. So, sir, kindly reply if this problem has some solution.

Black film on anodes in cyanide copper plating leading to decrease in copper coating

Q. Hi everyone,

For about a year now we have been facing major problems with our cyanide copper plating tanks.
We normally do a 15 minute copper plating and then the final finish which might be brass on nickel.
But since a year we have been noticing that after we do a clear powder coat (heated) after a while black patches start showing up on the item. Items are manufactured in Mild Steel Sheet.
Also, The copper anodes get covered in a thick black film very quickly after cleaning.

We have tried the following to improve the condition :
1) Maintaining pH levels at 10.
2)Addition of acetic acid [on eBay or Amazon].
3)Carbon packing and running of filters.
4)Increasing copper metal through Rochelle [on eBay or Amazon] copper salt addition.
5)Increasing water cleaning decreasing & polishing processes before copper plating.
6)Diluted sulfuric acid and water cleaning before and after plating.
7)Cleaning of plating tanks thoroughly by taking copper water out.
8)Heavy Sodium Dichromate dip for clear finishes.

But still no result, plating is weak and prone to failure. Plates turn black quickly and Amps stay low. Current being passed has dropped compared to year back.

Please advise.

Thanks!

Q. Hello...
Actually I am copper plating zinc based castings.
I am bath fitting manufacturer. I am copper plating faucet heads and, later on, nickel and chrome plating is done.
The problem I am facing is that after plating small dots appear on the surface of castings. These small pores appear like small shining stars.
What I feel is material gets etched. Due to that I am facing this problem. Can someone suggest me how to reduce my precleaning of the buffing compound?. Because more cleaning leads to this problem.
I am rinsing the material with H2SO4 after cleaning process. Are there any mild acids for rinsing?

Also I am facing problem of throwing of copper with deep edges.
How to increase my cyanide copper conductivity.?

Like we use H2SO4 to increase conductivity of copper acid.
Is there any alternate for cyanide copper also?
Does sodium thiosulphate [on eBay or Amazon] increases its conductivity?

A. Hello Nikhil, If you are adamant in your belief that the etching / cleaning cycle is the culprit of your problems go to that process and examine the fixtures after etch and pre- clean to see if there are imperfections on the surface. The parts may not be etching completely. As far as the CN Cu bath have the bath analyzed completely for free CN, CN Cu, sodium or potassium hydroxide, and carbonates. If all the chemistry is within spec and you still get poor throwing power in recessed areas you may have to carbon treat the bath. There are alternatives to CN Cu plating, alkaline Cu solutions are commonly used. Contact a reputable supplier of plating solutions, and they can help you.

Mark Baker
Process Engineering - Phoenix, Arizona USA
May 9, 2016

A. I have never been able to "sell" this idea to anyone else, but when I have to plate onto zinc base die cast, I prefer to pure zinc plate first, then go on to the copper-nickel-chrome.

Robert H Probert
Robert H Probert Technical Services

Garner, North Carolina

May 12, 2016

A. More cyanide? That solves most problems with that bath.

Dave Wichern
Consultant - The Bronx, New York
May 18, 2016

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