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Effect of brighteners and levelers on Bright Acid Copper plating

I work in a PWB shop. I am interested in info on acid copper plating. Can anybody give me good sources of information on the effect of brighteners and levelers on electroplated acid copper deposits. How do these organics work at the anode and cathode surfaces? What has the greatest effect on tensile strength and elongation of electroplated copper deposits - impurities, brighteners, levelers, surface deposit is plated on, other? How do different current densities effect the grain structure and physical properties?

Randy Lyle
Austin, Texas
1998

1998

A good starting point would be Lowenheim's book Modern Electroplating
It will take a literature search to come up with published articles that deal with some of the points that you asked for.

James Watts
- Navarre, Florida

RANDY,

GET IN TOUCH WITH MACDERMID INC'S ELECTRONICS DIVISION IN WATERBURY CONN. THEY PUT ON EXCELLENT P.C. SCHOOLS AND HAVE A MANUAL JUST FOR ACID COPPER AND TIN/LEAD PLATING.

IF YOU USE MACDERMID PRODUCTS, YOUR SALES REP SHOULD GET YOU ONE.

RAY DELOREY
- CAMBRIDGE, ONTARIO, CANADA
1998

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