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0. Corrosion. Compatibility, Choosing a Finish

Preparation:

1a. Mechanical Prep

1b. Pretreatments

1c. Masking & Racking

Inorganic Finishing:

2a. Anodizing & Light Metals

2b. Electroplating & Electroforming

2c. Electroless Plating

2d. PVD, CVD, Vacuum Processes

2e. Galvanizing, Hot Dipping

2f. Black Oxide, Bluing, Coloring

2g. Other Inorganic Finishing Processes

Organic Finishing:

3a. Electropainting, Autophoretic

3b. Powder Coating

3c. Lacquers, Clearcoats

3d. Painting, Adhesives And Other Organic Coatings

Post-treatments:

4a. Chemical Post-treatments

4b. Baking & Non-chemical Post-treatments

4c. Stripping, Reworks, etc.

Supporting Issues:

5a. Analysis, Lab Technique, QA/QC

5b. Wastewater, Pollution

5c. Safety, Emissions, Toxicity

5d. Plant & Process Engineering

5e. Software, Specs, Books, Stats

5f. World Wide Word Of The Week

5g. RoHS, E-O-L, etc.

5h. Mostly metallurgy

6a. Hobbyists, Enthusiasts, Artists

6b. Research, Thesis work

6c. K-12 Science Projects, Elementary to High School

0. CORROSION, COMPATIBILITY, CHOOSING A FINISH . . .

52512. Inconel X Alloy 750 as a substitute for Stainless Steel 904L ? [Pennsylvania] (July 2)
52408. Best Alternative to Black Oxide Plating [California] (July 2)
52479. Type of fastener to use to fasten Aluminum Purlins to Structural Steel [New York] (July 2)
51980. Bolting Galvanized Structural Steel [Michigan] (June 24)
52422. Chrome plating technique for lighting application [India] (June 22)
52312. Valves rust because of water remaining after hydro test [India] (June 19)
52323. 316 Stainless Steel is pitting and rusting in major aquarium [Illinois] (June 16)
52372. Corrosion protection of installed 1018 steel vacuum chambers [Colorado] (June 15)
52310. Stainless steel rivets and anodized aluminum [California] (June 12)
52311. Corrosive air in our new office? [New York] (June 8)
52309. Coloring zinc or plain bolts? [Arizona] (June 8)
51623. Need jewelry coating for more than 3 years [India] (June 4)
52267. Tech help for wheelchair riders in developing countries (finishing of steel pushrims) [South Africa] (June 4)
52213. Corrosion Resistant Coating for Automotive Suspension Parts [Tennessee] (June 4)
51819. Wanted: Non-conductive clear coating for battery terminals [California] (May 28)
52121. Pitting on stainless steel ball valve in gas service [Oman] (May 27)
52126. Alternative to chrome plating for lighting fixtures [Canada] (May 27)
52130. Corrosion in DI Water Piping [Iran] (May 22)
52176. Electropolishing Finishing Defects Pimple like surface [California] (May 22)
52053. Wear resistant, low-friction coefficient coating for a cryogenic application [New York] (May 18)
52118. Chemical polishing Invar before plating with silver [UK] (May 15)
51686. Corrosion resistance to dilute sulphuric acid [Spain] (May 15)
51252. How to prevent golden colour in stainless steel cookware [Spain] (May 15)
52061. Black Oxide Finishing - Better for the environment than chrome? [Texas] (May 12)
52022. Best surface treatment for a running mate against 54 Rc. TIN surface component [Illinois] (May 5)
51911. Best Coating Material [India] (May 4)

1. PREPARATION . . .

1a. MECHANICAL PREP
[GRINDING, POLISHING, VIBRATORY FINISHING, BUFFING, HONING]


52519. Vibro vs. Conventional Flap Wheel Polishing Technique [Pakistan] (July 2)
52511. Uneven finish when beadblasting aluminum [Philippines] (July 2)
52495. Prevention of "splinter" formation on C360 brass during 240 grit belting. [California] (July 2)
52482. Can I automate my polishing and regraining of stainless steel? [Pennsylvania] (June 26)
52483. Surface finish comparison [California] (June 25)
52357. Brushing 304L Stainless Steel Welds [Canada] (June 18)
52260. How to polish to ~2 RMS with diamond lapping paste? [Illinois] (June 2)
52223. Matte finish protective layer for surgical instruments [California] (June 1)
52203. How to put #4 satin finish on aluminum pipe [Maryland] (May 26)
52190. Removing shiny buff marks on 304 stainless [Canada] (May 22)
52169. Need defined steps for achieving a Ra 0.1 on stainless steel [California] (May 22)
52077. Oval diameter on centerless grinding [Indonesia] (May 13)
51994. Polishing for circular finishes in ultra high vacuum chambers [Canada] (May 12)
51666. What Vibro finishing does to lengthen salt spray life? [India] (May 11)

1b. PRETREATMENTS
[PICKLING, PASSIVATION, PHOSPHATIZING, CLEANING, ELECTROPOLISHING, ACTIVATION]


52508. 440C problem with passivation [California] (July 2)
52352. Pickling paste without hydrofluoric acid [Australia] (July 1)
52440. Electropolish for Valve big size [Ohio] (June 26)
52478. Electropolishing 304L and 316 Stainless [South Carolina] (June 25)
52420. How to brighten glass beaded stainless steel [Canada] (June 22)
52419. Cleaning Wire to Mirror Finish (June 22)
52356. Does QQ-P-35 Type VI or VII passivation have any adverse affects on 15-5 stainless?? [Colorado] (June 12)
52308. Give some information about 316L stainless steel electropolishing [India] (June 8)
52307. Can zinc phosphate coating lead to Liquid Metal Embrittlement above 800F? [Texas] (June 8)
52266. Want our zinc phosphating to be orange-red [India] (June 4)
52154. Verification Tests for Cobalt Chrome Passivation [UK] (June 3)
52079. Is a swab with IPA and test using a general UV scan vs a blank an acceptable way to determine the part is clean. [Florida] (June 3)
52039. Mechanical polishing or passivation of Stainless Steel - which comes first? [Georgia] (June 3)
52052. Solvent for wax dissolution [India] (June 3)
52235. Is it possible to Manganese Phosphate on EN? [Illinois] (June 2)
52116. Etching 1" steel plate to make non-slip surface [California] (May 26)
51711. Formula for Zinc Parkerizing [Malta] (May 22)
52166. Etchant for inconel 718 after welding and heat treatment [Malaysia] (May 22)
52188. Dura Bar G1 and Zn Phosphate coating [Illinois] (May 21)
52115. Writing a passivation spec [Massachusetts] (May 20)
52097. Heat resistance of phosphate [India] (May 18)
7276. Stainless Steel finishing to achieve light purple or blue color (May 18)
51552. Heavy sludge dust in phosphating [India] (May 18)
52060. Localized pitting of Stainless Steel in inhibited HCL [California] (May 14)
52072. Formulation for Neutral degreaser? [Iran] (May 12)
51710. Outside of beaker shaped part is not Electro Polishing [India] (May 11)
51664. Effect of porosity in metal finishing [India] (May 11)
51622. Rusting Of Stainless Steel Railings [United Arab Emirates] (May 7)

1c. MASKING, RACKING, TAPING, PLUGGING, PHOTOSENSITIVE MASKS


52270. Nickel is plating onto pvc plastisol coated plating racks [India] (June 24)
52351. Keeping powder coat paint out of threaded holes to prevent tapping after paint [Pennsylvania] (June 17)
52273. Avoiding getting silver on the internals of a trumpet while plating [North Carolina] (June 12)
52246. How to mask car emblems for brush plating [Texas] (June 8)
52218. Cleaning Ceramic Part [Indonesia] (May 27)
51687. Gold plating 15 to 20 microns on watch cases [New York] (May 20)
52050. Outgassing anomalies caused by plugs? [California] (May 11)
52047. Masking for Galvanising process [India] (May 8)
51993. Zinc finish on tubing (help) [Kansas] (May 3)
52006. Polymer Masking Material [Michigan] (May 1)

2. INORGANIC FINISHING PROCESSES . . .

2a. ANODIZING AND LIGHT METAL TREATMENTS


52526. Hardcoat Anodizing thin parts(.047) [Virginia] (July 2)
52518. Anodizing came out very dark grey [Russia] (July 2)
52507. Can pretreating of aluminum for epoxy bonding be done on a small scale? [New York] (July 2)
52506. Nickel chrome finish for aluminum parts with anodizing process [Egypt] (July 2)
1177. Aluminum vs. Lead cathodes for anodizing tanks (June 30)
52429. Anodized aluminum, bleaching due to heat? [Texas] (June 26)
52410. What is the average particle size of dissolved aluminium in anodizing solution? [India] (June 26)
52477. Stripping of titanium oxide layer [Malaysia] (June 25)
52476. Aluminum Type suitable for mirror polish [Colorado] (June 25)
52475. Can Aluminum be Vapor Honed? [Massachusetts] (June 25)
52350. Hardcoat Anodizing Voltage [Texas] (June 24)
52378. What is a bleach test for anodized parts? [Texas] (June 23)
52305. Thermal properties of aluminum hard anodize [Israel] (June 23)
52217. Black anodising colour changes to brownish in sunlight [India] (June 22)
52430. Can aluminum flakes (used in paint) be anodized? [Tennessee] (June 22)
52400. Black finish needed as alternative to Anodizing for Al 380 alloy [Australia] (June 19)
52377. Fluoride is getting into etching bath [The Netherlands] (June 18)
52322. Need a dark coat (better if black) of hard anodized 6xxx aluminium [Brazil] (June 18)
52363. Blisters on Anodized 7075 [Minnesota] (June 17)
52131. Hard anodize replacement [Iran] (June 17)
52296. Aluminium impurities makes preparing parts for anodising impossible, is there a cure? [UK] (June 16)
52306. Blotchy clear anodized finish on bead-blasted 5052 AL [Idaho] (June 10)
39479. Clear anodised parts are coming out pink (June 9)
52259. Anodising and brite dip tank sizes [India] (June 5)
52265. Etching or coating aluminum to protect against reaction when used to produce concrete walls [Missouri] (June 5)
52241. Is chromate coating resistant to fungus attack and support fungal growth? [Minnesota] (June 4)
52232. Surface area calculations of irregular shaped objects [Oregon] (June 4)
52268. Removing aluminium from an Electropolishing Bath [India] (June 4)
52180. Chromating of Die Cast Magnesium Castings [India] (June 1)
52211. ALUMINUM ANODIZED PART BAKING TEST FAILED [Malaysia] (May 28)
52231. Chemical stripping of Alodine 1200 [New York] (May 28)
52029. Color consistency standards for clear anodizing? [Canada] (May 27)
51934. Does Mil-A-8625 require color consistency? [Minnesota] (May 27)
51782. Chemfilm paint adhesion [Colorado] (May 27)
51730. Need to install anodize tank [Oklahoma] (May 27)
51757. Coated aluminium is not withstanding phosphoric acid [Illinois] (May 27)
4434. Black Anodize Residue ? (May 22)
51942. Black stains on aluminum from shipping [Mexico] (May 20)
52139. Having trouble plating 6061-T6 Al after plating it successfully for years [South Carolina] (May 20)
52014. Passivation of Titanium [UK] (May 15)
52088. Easy way to clean the sulphate coating off the lead cathode? [Canada] (May 14)
51961. Titanium Rack for aluminum anodizing turned pink [Colorado] (May 8)
52015. Best Sealing for anodized aluminum diecastings [India] (May 1)
51992. Laser mark Alochromed Aluminium [UK] (May 1)
52028. Staining on anodized aluminum window frames [Pennsylvania] (May 1)

2b. ELECTROPLATING and ELECTROFORMING


52530. Peeling of Cadmium plating on fasteners [India] (July 2)
52525. Matte Finish of Hard Chromed Chill Rolls [Kenya] (July 2)
52524. Dirty rinsewater staining NiAu plated parts? [France] (July 2)
52517. What to do with various plating solutions on clothing [Pennsylvania] (July 2)
52510. Corrosion on gold plated parts [Florida] (July 2)
52494. Removal of Iron from Gold Plating Solution [India] (July 2)
52474. Reason of lite coloured patches after zinc plating [India] (July 2)
52234. Activating nickel sulphamate plating for a chrome flash [UAE] (July 2)
52505. PASSIVATION ON ZAMAK COMPONENTS [India] (July 2)
52504. Minimum distance between components to be plated [Canada] (July 2)
52490. Sand blasted surface won't take hard chrome plating [Malaysia] (June 30)
52493. Will properties of stripped EGP be the same as CRS after blue zinc plating both? [Malaysia] (June 29)
52434. Hard Gold Plating Entire PCB Surface [Massachusetts] (June 26)
52403. Corrosion Resistance of Ag plated Zn metal [Malaysia] (June 26)
52481. Brush Gold Plating [Malaysia] (June 25)
52473. Cracks in the electroformed stampers [Egypt] (June 25)
52445. Stainless gassing in HCl [Tennessee] (June 25)
52258. Best pretreatment for nickel plating on 4340 steel [Alabama] (June 23)
52395. Chrome plating is lifting off gravure cylinders [South Africa] (June 22)
52384. Why does nickel plating usually use double anode bags? [Singapore] (June 22)
52444. Stripping Aluzinc and Then Trivalent Zinc Chromate [Texas] (June 22)
52443. Crystal structure of nickel chloride strike [Oklahoma] (June 22)
52439. Tiny pin size pits in chrome plating [Illinois] (June 22)
52407. Tin Plating final rinse temperature? [Arizona] (June 19)
52394. Zinc dust treatment [India] (June 19)
52396. Curing time for silver plating [India] (June 18)
52393. Gold Plating on Slightly Oxidized Copper Surface [Taiwan] (June 17)
52349. How to pass 720h salt spray test for a zinc plated cabinet [Taiwan] (June 16)
52371. Plate the stainless steel and brass together after soldering [China] (June 15)
52366. What is appropriate voltage for hard chrome plating [India] (June 15)
52348. Copper nickel alloy plating [UK] (June 12)
52347. Durability of Satin Chrome on Zinc [UK] (June 12)
52330. Zinc plating of brass [Singapore] (June 10)
52257. BLACK CHROME FOR FAUCETS [Spain] (June 10)
52245. Contaminated Watts Nickel Bath, Please Help! [California] (June 10)
52165. Gold plated aluminum blisters after high temp bake [Pennsylvania] (June 8)
52304. How to increase shining and brightness in zinc coating? [India] (June 8)
52303. Does clear zinc Dichromate exist? [Michigan] (June 8)
52295. Zinc plating surface have many small holes, how to do? [Malaysia] (June 5)
52240. Alkaline Non - Cyanide Zinc Plating [India] (June 4)
52291. Need to repair or touch up nickel plated hinge hardware using in handmade eyeglass frames [Texas] (June 4)
52290. What is the formula in getting the Correct Ampere in a copper plate using Ni [Philippines] (June 4)
52282. Where should I publish my plating business for sale? [Florida] (June 3)
52271. At what temperature does zinc plating break down [Australia] (June 3)
52269. Decorative Chrome Flashed 304SS is rusting and pitting [Michigan] (June 3)
51609. Parting from mandrel [Italy] (June 3)
52239. CAN ALUMINUM BE PLATED? [Michigan] (June 2)
51778. Zinc trivalent with TOP SEAL to last 480 hrs SST life [Malaysia] (June 2)
52238. Burning in chrome plated parts using platinized titanium anode [India] (June 1)
51990. Need help plating 416 Stainless [Tennessee] (June 1)
52059. Formulation of white bronze plating bath? [India] (May 28)
52182. Chrome wheel vendor asks about pitting problems [Missouri] (May 27)
52210. Salt spray failure in weld area of nickel-chrome plated parts [India] (May 27)
52184. Bright Luster vs. Matte Luster in Zinc Plating [California] (May 27)
52214. How to prepare zinc bath for plating on the brass wire having D=0.250mm [India] (May 26)
52178. Continuing hard chrome plating after a power interruption [Nigeria] (May 22)
52199. Corrosion Protection/Plating Suitable for Copper and Aluminum [Michigan] (May 22)
52197. Zinc plating issue on sheet metal welded part [Canada] (May 22)
52172. Pretreatment for electrolytic Ni [Malaysia] (May 22)
52177. Stainless steel fan guard plating [Taiwan] (May 21)
52026. Corrosion problem with nickel-chrome plated bumpers [Mexico] (May 21)
51975. Advantages of platinized titanium anode over lead-tin anode in chrome plating [India] (May 21)
52173. Which is the best corrosion protection coating for spring steel? [Spain] (May 20)
52143. Inspection standards for stained zinc plating [Mexico] (May 20)
52124. Acid zinc plating of ASTM A401 high-carbon chrome silicon steel [Illinois] (May 20)
52070. Pin holes problem after hard chrome plating [India] (May 20)
52111. Rhodium plating turns gray when we filter the solution [India] (May 18)
52054. Acid copper on zinc die castings [Oregon] (May 18)
52055. Poor adhesion of Co plating [Japan] (May 18)
52125. Harsh weather resistance zinc plating vs. hot dip galvanizing [Ohio] (May 18)
52120. Test to monitor cleanliness in electroplating [Philippines] (May 18)
52112. Durable Nickel plating over Brass Barcelona chair frame? [Texas] (May 15)
52069. Dyes for Acid cu bath [China] (May 15)
52085. Flash Hard Chrome Plating - Clarification [India] (May 14)
52084. Black Spot Problem [Indonesia] (May 14)
52071. Best cyanide or non-cyanide zinc formula for plating inside narrow tube [Iran] (May 14)
52081. Hard Chroming Temperature [Nigeria] (May 13)
52078. Hard chrome at very low temperature working conditions [Greece] (May 13)
51903. Blistering of cadmium plating on stainless steel [India] (May 12)
51791. White final finish for fashion jewelry [Pakistan] (May 12)
52030. Hard chromium plating of magnesium [Ohio] (May 11)
52025. Proper method to sample a plating solution? [Maine] (May 11)
52012. MIL SPEC Clarification for Zinc Plating with Chromate Conversion [Pennsylvania] (May 11)
51894. Platinum-Clad Anodes for Chrome Plate [Maine] (May 11)
51951. Tin plating on brass is blistering [India] (May 8)
51611. Problems with plating brass? [South Carolina] (May 5)
51608. The best way to decreasing the carbonate content in Zn Plating process [Indonesia] (May 5)
52046. Normalized 1008 steel, post induction braze - blistering zinc chromate [Canada] (May 5)
52040. True definition of "Bronze" chromate color for zinc plating [Texas] (May 5)
51837. Brass turns to Rust color [New Hampshire] (May 4)
51660. Rhodium Sulphate Brightener and Whitener [India] (May 2)
51636. How can I test anticipated life of Gold Plating products? [India] (May 2)
52013. Want to build up porous sulphamate nickel shells [Portugal] (May 1)
52017. Can we nickel strike on top of Nano Metal Thin Film Coating to improve adhesion? [Washington] (May 1)

2c. ELECTROLESS PLATING, PLATING ON PLASTICS, IMMERSION PLATING


52528. Electroless nickel plating plus Manganese Phosphating [India] (July 2)
52527. Looking for electroless gold bath [Venezuela] (July 2)
52515. What is the best size fluid filter for Ni PTFE? [Arizona] (July 2)
52484. Interior protection of steel automotive coolant pipes [Colorado] (July 2)
52472. Electroless Nickel on Brass [Colorado] (June 29)
52480. Yellow stains on Electroless Nickel plating [Singapore] (June 25)
52345. Diamond composite plating [England] (June 23)
52344. Costs of electroless Ni and Cu plating [Sweden] (June 15)
52346. Test Method of Sealer for electroless nickel [Indonesia] (June 12)
52294. Electroless nickel plating [India] (June 5)
52142. Black Zinc Cobalt vs Electroless Nickel plating over Aluminum [Indiana] (June 4)
51751. EDGE PULL BACK WITH HEAVY DEPOSIT HIGH PHOS ELECTROLESS NICKEL [Illinois] (June 4)
52209. Electroless nickel boron nitride coating to aluminium plain slides [UK] (May 26)
52138. Wear resistant finish for 2014 aluminum cylinder bore [New York] (May 20)
52076. Tarnish of electroless nickel over brass or alum. when ultrasonic aqueous cleaning [Washington] (May 13)
51901. Electroless Nickel plating degrades surface finish [New York] (May 5)
51752. Electroless = Single Element Replacement Process? [California] (May 4)
51989. What's best prep for 416 SS bars before plating with Electroless Ni/Teflon? [Illinois] (May 3)
51932. Want to achieve Dark Electroless Nickel Plating [Colorado] (May 2)

2d. PVD, CVD, ION IMPLANTATION, VACUUM PROCESSES


52489. Trying to do Black PVD Coating [California] (June 26)
52281. How to coat ID of borosilicate tube with titanium? [Hawaii] (June 8)
52283. Plasma nitriding temperature for 62Si2Mn [India] (June 3)
52068. I want to plate copper jewelry with gold color via p.v.d. coating process [India] (June 3)
52101. PVD: TiN Coating Bare Spots [South Carolina] (May 15)
52024. PVD adhesion issue on hard chrome [India] (May 8)

2e. GALVANIZING, ALUMINIZING, HOT TIN DIPPING


52516. What products should be galvanized? [Egypt] (July 2)
52503. Titrating for Iron content in pickling acid and flux tanks ? [Egypt] (July 2)
52471. Estimation of Zinc Chloride in Zinc Flux [India] (June 25)
52457. Allowance for Hot Dip Galvanize on External Threads [Delaware] (June 24)
52438. PROBLEM FACED IN GALVANISING LONG LENGTH BY DOUBLE DIPPING [India] (June 24)
52343. Process of hot zinc plating [India] (June 11)
52031. Has hot dip galvanizing weakened our mounting brackets? [India] (May 28)
52220. Preventing inward kink problem in coil galvanizing and painting [Egypt] (May 26)
52164. Solving "Acid Weep" in galvanizing [Scotland] (May 26)
52034. Want technical know how for hot dip galvanising of bolts [India] (May 26)
51954. How to dull Galvanized Steel Structures for San Diego Forest and Environment Authoritiy [India] (May 20)
52137. HDG vs electro galvanizing of wire [Wyoming] (May 18)
52136. Sink Roll size vs. Rear Stabilizing Roll size [Canada] (May 18)
52094. Evaluation of Hot Dip Galvanizing Plant [South Dakota] (May 15)
52073. Wrinkle defect in galvanized steel sheet [Turkey] (May 13)
51916. Consumption of iron with hydrochloric acid in galvanizing [France] (May 12)
51960. Triple Salt and Quadra Flux Densities? [Egypt] (May 5)

2f. BLACK OXIDE, BLUING, COLORING, PATINATING


52129. Trouble with AISI 430 hot blackening [Italy] (June 3)
51971. Ideal zinc temperature for galvanizing [India] (May 8)
51872. Can Racking During Black Oxide Process Cause Thermal Discoloration Appearance? [Michigan] (May 4)

2g. OTHER INORGANIC FINISHING PROCESSES
[PORCELAIN, FLAME SPRAY, HVOF, MECHANICAL PLATING]


52470. Need corrosion resistant hardend shaft. [Connecticut] (June 25)
52456. Arc-wire/flamespraying aluminium bronze on fiberglass [Virginia] (June 25)
52447. ASTM A1050 Zinc Powder thermo-diffusion coating -- who in USA? [Connecticut] (June 22)
52289. Silver Delta Seal vs. Zinc Plating [California] (June 4)
52278. Ferritic Nitrocarburizing of machined threads [New York] (June 3)
52208. How to apply lead onto copper and lead [Canada] (June 2)
52237. Applying a color onto a Zinc Die Casting [Connecticut] (June 2)
52244. Ceramic Coating for Abrasion Resistance [Oregon] (June 1)
52080. Hot Tin Dipping Process versus Electroplating [Connecticut] (May 13)

3. ORGANIC FINISHING PROCESSES . . .

3a. ELECTROPAINT PRIMING, AUTOPHORETIC COATINGS


52469. E-coating on Loctite-impregnated aluminum alloy castings [Ohio] (June 25)
52392. CED paint entrapment [India] (June 17)
51966. What is anolyte, theory of ultra filtration for ED paint, constituents of ED paint? [Iran] (June 17)
52201. Ra value of CED coating [India] (June 3)
51892. What is standard E-coat thickness? [Mexico] (May 5)

3b. POWDER COATING


52468. Pretreatment for Powder Coating - Extruded Aluminum Profile and Aluminum Sand Castings [Saudi Arabia] (July 2)
52502. Unit conversions for powder coating impact test [India] (July 2)
52455. Actual costing of powder coating in India [India] (June 30)
52428. Quick Test to distinguish indoor from outdoor powder coat paint [Ohio] (June 29)
52433. Chem Film, Powder Coating Specs for Aluminum Diecast [California] (June 25)
52370. Powder coating on EGI sheet metal [India] (June 15)
52342. Require Stainless Steel Finish or similar on MS base metal product? [India] (June 15)
52275. Heat Dissipation needed with Powder Coating [Pennsylvania] (June 8)
52207. Consistency in color master plaques by powder coating [Illinois] (June 5)
51871. Aluminium Powder Coating Standards Australia [Papua New Guinea] (June 5)
51849. How to get the special effects in powder coating [Illinois] (June 5)
52221. How to do two-layer / two-color powdercoat [China] (May 28)
51818. Powder coating over zinc plating [Illinois] (May 27)
52043. We want to switch to infrared curing on powder coating [Brazil] (May 20)
52038. Powder coating thickness of 120 micrometers [Brazil] (May 18)
52090. Aluminium powder coated windows scratched by other contractors [India] (May 14)
51879. We are facing problem with powder coating [Malaysia] (May 11)
51939. Stainless Steel Pretreatments before Powder Coating [Virginia] (May 3)
52033. How to apply PVC powders [Sultanate of Oman] (May 1)

3c. LACQUERS, CLEAR COATS, ELECTROPHORETIC TINTING, ANTI-TARNISH


51920. Is it possible to have metallic silver shade/color by E.Coat ? [India] (April 21)
51115. E - COATING of jewelry [India] (March 24)

3d. PAINTING, ADHESIVES AND OTHER ORGANIC COATINGS


52467. Flexible Abrasion Resistant Paint for Copper [California] (June 25)
52359. Slipcoat for silicone rubber? [New York] (June 25)
51946. Poor spray paint adhesion on aluminum sheet [India] (June 9)
52153. Why are liquid coating still preferred in automotive applications (vs. powder coatings)? [Netherlands] (June 5)
52222. Clear Coat finish sometimes rusts [China] (June 2)
52045. Want no-function (except thickness) coating for steel pipe [Iraq] (May 27)
52141. Textured finish and mil specs [Maryland] (May 26)
52175. Need an insulation layer on thin brass wires [California] (May 22)
52179. Polyurethane vs. lacquer for bronze windows [Kentucky] (May 21)
52135. Gloss surface of MIL-PRF-23377 epoxy primer [Korea] (May 21)
52122. Which paint can I use on bottle tops? [Kenya] (May 15)
51725. Teflon stud bolts and electrical grounding [Texas] (May 15)
52098. Is painting possible over hard chrome plated material [India] (May 15)
51794. Bulk curing of painted components [Singapore] (May 14)
51448. Restoration of Civil War era iron cemetery fence [Mississippi] (May 12)
52023. Powdercoat vs Epoxy for inside of Vacuum Reservoir [Oregon] (May 7)

4. POST-TREATMENTS

4a. CHEMICAL POST-TREATMENTS
[CHROMATE CONVERSION COATINGS, RUST PREVENTATIVES]


52513. Does anti-tarnish as surface treatment affects functionality / bonding of lead frames? [Malaysia] (July 2)
51987. Improving adhesion of lacquer on brass zipper teeth for outdoor application? [Italy] (June 4)
51938. Process for matte black finishing of Stainless Steel [Chile] (April 23)
51891. Passivation of copper and copper alloy waveguide [Italy] (April 17)

4b. BAKING AND NON-CHEMICAL POST-TREATMENTS:
[HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT AND DE-EMBRITTLEMENT, ANNEALING, WHISKERS, SOLDERING, REFLOWING]


52102. Using sodium nitrite as a rust preventive [Pennsylvania] (June 10)
52150. Hydrogen embrittlement in 17-4PH SS? [Canada] (May 28)
52128. Tin spatter on PCB after reflow 240C [Malaysia] (May 22)
52074. Baking parts with threaded holes? [Oklahoma] (May 18)
52119. Rinsing procedure for Ebonol Z 80 [Canada] (May 15)

4c. STRIPPING, REWORKS, ETC.


52501. Tungsten carbide removal [California] (July 2)
52437. Stripping gold from aluminum without damage to the aluminum [Arizona] (June 26)
51733. Stripping Tin Plating from Cast Bronze [Philippines] (June 10)
52256. Stripping pvd on brass substrate [Washington] (June 2)
52247. Stripping a steel part that has been chrome plated [Texas] (May 28)
52032. How to remove Powder Coating from extruded aluminum profile? [Syria] (May 7)

5. SUPPORTING ISSUES

5a. ANALYSIS, LAB TECHNIQUE, Q.A.


52411. Salt spray comparison of brass vs. brass plating [California] (June 19)
52264. Etchant for examining copper to stainless weld joint? [Iran] (June 16)
52361. METHOD TO MEASURE THE COPPER IN THE SILVER NITRATE SOLUTION IN THE BATH [India] (June 16)
52087. Testing trivalent chromate by testing for cobalt [South Carolina] (June 12)
52317. Etching a weld of AA6056 with AA4xxx filler wire [Poland] (June 10)
52314. 5% Neutral salt spray testing of assembled plated parts [India] (June 10)
51472. Salt for salt spray testing [France] (May 20)

5b. WASTE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL


52466. What is Cation Conductivity [India] (June 25)
52454. Effluent treatment of TiN stripping solution [India] (June 25)
52397. Heavy metal removal from industrial effluent [UAE] (June 19)
52163. Treating total phosphate in waste water treatment plant [China] (June 19)
52341. Chrome Treatment affected by alkaline cleaners? [Mexico] (June 18)
51739. Concentrate / Recover Zinc Sulphate from waste stream [India] (June 9)
52196. Chrome reduction ORP endpoint values [Malaysia] (May 22)
51997. Stop potassium carbonate buildup in silver cyanide bath or recover silver [India] (May 22)
51366. TDS vs PPM? [UAE] (May 18)
52083. Calculation "price of one ton of water" by demineralization plant [Pakistan] (May 14)
51929. Can we still recycle rinsewater after adding inhibitor to pickling acid? [India] (May 7)

5c. SAFETY ISSUES, EMISSIONS, TOXICITY


52465. Cr/6 in our ground water [Texas] (June 30)
52436. Should a start up shop begin with the most EPA compliant product and equipment? [Washington] (June 25)
52302. Is galvanneal safe to weld on? [Wisconsin] (June 8)
51048. Hazards of gas evolution from nitric titration? [England] (June 2)
52233. 30 Years of Aluminum Manufacturing Exposure [Wisconsin] (May 28)
51769. Best metal roof finish for safe rainwater collection [Michigan] (May 15)

5d. PLANT & PROCESS ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION


52446. Small Tank Air Sparging [Oregon] (June 26)
52089. Passivation tank made of 304SS failed in a week [South Carolina] (June 25)
52435. How much current could we pass through platinized titanium rod anode in chrome plating bath. [India] (June 22)
52321. Scorching of the pickling rolls [Iran] (June 9)
52293. Will Poly tanks work for MIL-DTL-5541E, Type II, Class 3 clear Chem film? [Michigan] (June 5)
52255. Plating shop lay out [Pakistan] (June 4)
52149. Materials compatible with Plating Solutions [California] (June 1)
52174. Why plating on heater without connecting - negative (black wire) [Tanzania] (May 27)
52195. Nickel Rack Plating: air vs mech [Minnesota] (May 22)

5e. QUESTIONS ABOUT SOFTWARE, SPECS, BOOKS, INDUSTRY STATISTICS, ETC.


52529. Specifications for Silver plating 316 threads? [England] (July 2)
52520. Plating Process Control Sheet Template [California] (July 2)
52383. Specification for zinc nickel plating? [South Africa] (June 23)
52376. Is there a MIL-C-5541 spec for hand (touchup) application? [New York] (June 19)
52288. Differences between MIL-S-5002 Type III and QQ-P-35 Type VI processes. [India] (June 18)
52391. Is there a Mil spec for Primer EP84-230? [Alabama] (June 17)
52148. QQ-N-290 Ductile Nickel Equals What New SAE AMS Standard? [Texas] (June 4)
52280. Thickness of Grade C of MIL-C-26074E [Kansas] (June 3)
52198. Spec: Ep-Fe/Zn 8B free from Hexavalent Chromium (White) [Michigan] (June 1)
52200. Zinc Chromate Per ASTM B633-85 Type II [New Jersey] (May 22)
52185. The different types of plating [India] (May 21)
51984. Adhesion tape and roll for Fed-std-141 method 6301.3 [Canada] (May 21)
52092. What is MIL-F-14072 finish P211C? [Michigan] (May 15)
52058. Standard for zinc electroplate of brass fasteners [Texas] (May 11)
51970. Where can I find a printable version of QQ C-320 to purchase? [Iowa] (May 3)
51732. MIL-C-5541 vs. MIL-STD-5541 [Wisconsin] (May 2)
51471. FTMS 141 method 6301.3 vs 6301.2 [Canada] (May 2)

5f. WORLD WIDE WORD OF THE WEEK
[LINGO, TRADE NAMES, TRANSLATIONS]


52254. Ra or RMS (Rq) [Illinois] (June 3)
52236. AMS2468 vs. AMS2469 [Connecticut] (June 3)
52162. What is Praparat 94jA30 for hard chrome [China] (May 22)
51952. Court reporter asks what visual defect on coil coater sounds like "star val B" [Texas] (May 12)
51996. TriHydric chrome plating on fasteners [Malaysia] (May 1)

5g. CHROMATE REPLACEMENT & THE EUROPEAN END-OF-LIFE DIRECTIVE; Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr REPLACEMENTS.


52514. Methods of identifying Trivalent chrome passivation on Zinc plating. [India] (July 2)
52464. Does Baking of Trivalent Passivates Produce Hexavalent Chromium? [Mississippi] (June 25)
52427. Trivalent and hexavalent decorative chrome plating [India] (June 22)
52360. Does Spot Weld on SECC comply to RoHS? How this can be explained? [Malaysia] (June 18)
51889. How to make Nickel Plated Brass Keys RoHS compliant [Canada] (June 3)
51767. How to do trivalent conversion coating [India] (April 23)
51914. Is Alodine 1200S RoHS compliant? [Tennessee] (April 22)
51679. Trivalent Chromate Immersion Times [Maryland] (April 20)

5h. MOSTLY METALLURGY


52463. Masking a rivet / pin for heat treatment [India] (July 2)
52412. Difference between Stainless and Killed Carbon Steel [Maine] (June 19)
52230. SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HARDNESS AND CORROSION PROBLEM [Turkey] (June 19)
52134. Pitting of 316L Stainless Containers From Bleach Due to Industrial Electryolysis of Sea Water [New York] (May 18)
51655. 202 Versus 201 Stainless Steel [Arizona] (May 2)

6a. ARTISTS, HOBBYISTS, CAR BUFFS, HOME OWNERS, ETC.


52522. Grout cleaner stains on my stainless steel fridge! [Pennsylvania] (July 2)
52521. Sterling silver turned copper colored [Australia] (July 2)
52500. Need chemicals for reclaiming gold from jewelry [Oregon] (July 2)
52499. We WANT the gold plating to diffuse into the copper for an aged look [Massachusetts] (July 2)
52492. Want to dissolve material from inside wall of copper fitting [Minnesota] (June 30)
52488. A blanket "carmelized" onto a wood burning stove [California] (June 30)
52460. Painting over camoflauge paint [Wisconsin] (June 26)
52425. How to color already galvanized washers [Indiana] (June 26)
52413. Corrosion Protection of stainless steel anodes in hydrogen generator [Canada] (June 26)
52382. Pitting of chrome on motorcycle [Florida] (June 25)
52300. How to clean my 7 year old CenterLine HellCats aluminum wheels [Missouri] (June 25)
52462. Repainting an old aluminum john boat [Tennessee] (June 25)
52461. Coloring Metal Jewelry Tags [California] (June 25)
52426. Is chrome plating resistant to adjacent patination? [Korea] (June 25)
52243. Want to be Sitting on Silicon [California] (June 24)
52453. Cleaning and priming aluminum [Florida] (June 24)
52452. Want Brassware Brass cleaner [California] (June 24)
52451. Non toxic patina for home cast bronze? [Australia] (June 24)
52140. Repairing a leaking stainless steel freshwater tank on sailboat [Washington] (June 23)
52398. Can I really make my own chemicals myself? [Japan] (June 22)
52442. Can I re-plate brass-plated dresser pulls? [Ohio] (June 22)
52441. Electroplating over or removing phosphate finish? [Florida] (June 22)
52432. Restoring my old baby carriage [Colorado] (June 22)
52358. Anodized coating on 77 Silver Streak [Texas] (June 18)
52339. How can a hobbyist do thru-hole plating of PCBs? [Belgium] (June 18)
52337. Is there a Government overseer that watches for fraud in metal recycling? [Indiana] (June 18)
52390. How can we manufacture different colors of gold plating? [Philippines] (June 17)
52389. Copper plating experiment, what is black thing at cathode? [Turkey] (June 17)
52388. How to paint a diffcult surface [Argentina] (June 17)
52327. Changing Brass Came in a Glass Cabinet Door to Zinc [Massachusetts] (June 17)
52375. Would a power rectifier from the States work in Japan(100 volt 50-60 cycles)? [Japan] (June 17)
52299. Please help save a copper charlotte! [California] (June 16)
52355. Cold galvanising over black oxide or solid rust [Minnesota] (June 12)
52328. Crafting copper sink [Canada] (June 12)
52340. Corrsoion resistance of stainless coatings on brass [Michigan] (June 11)
52338. Copper screens aren't patinating [Michigan] (June 11)
51675. Silvering inside a bottle [UK] (June 10)
52329. Pure gold versus the bible [California] (June 10)
52326. Etching the Die Ring for a Elongated Penny Machine [Arkansas] (June 10)
52301. What problems should I expect plating copper over lead alloys [North Carolina] (June 10)
52318. Zebra Stripes on Plastic Car Parts, Please [Michigan] (June 8)
52316. Polishing Stainless Steel Jewelry [Malaysia] (June 8)
52159. Plastic Coating for Furniture - Vertical AND Horizontal Surfaces [Florida] (June 8)
52287. Permanent Gold Plating [Pakistan] (June 4)
52276. Black stains on a painted steel surface coming from aluminium railing [Kentucky] (June 3)
52263. Antique Stove: What finish for cast iron burner and steel baffles? [California] (June 3)
52262. Will Corten last as an in-ground boundary? [Georgia] (June 3)
52253. Simple way to convert doorknobs, hinges from "brass" to "nickel" ?? [Colorado] (June 2)
52113. Giving copper flashing an aged look [Maryland] (June 1)
52183. Antique Crucifix heats-up and burns hand [California] (June 1)
52167. What is the strongest finish for rear pegs and sprocket [New York] (May 28)
52202. Speeding up the oxidization of sheet metal! [Arizona] (May 28)
52224. Cheapest way to add weight to clothes to make training gear [Australia] (May 26)
52191. Need to blacken brass, free from outgassing, for optical use [California] (May 26)
52189. Blackening pattern welded stainless [New York] (May 26)
52160. Finishing weathered wood and rusted metal [Australia] (May 26)
51631. RV Aluminum Siding Problem [Washington] (May 22)
52170. Is it chrome? [Tennessee] (May 22)
51835. Chromic acid treatment on Magnesium jewelry [Netherlands] (May 22)
52186. Oxidizing Aluminum Mystifies Amateur [Tennessee] (May 21)
52075. Too Much Green Patina on Chimney [Arkansas] (May 21)
52161. Mouse and calculator covers become sticky [Malaysia] (May 19)
52100. On demand water heater - can I use CPVC piping? [Ohio] (May 18)
52127. Titanium Anodizing [Florida] (May 18)
52099. Hand rubbed bronze finish on brass jewelry parts [Washington] (May 15)
52095. Want inexpensive oil rubbed bronze shower stall [USA] (May 15)
52093. Refinishing door hardware myself [North Carolina] (May 15)
52091. Pitting on Copper Plated Lamp [Ohio] (May 15)
52067. Information on chrome plating of taps [New Zealand] (May 14)
51760. Cleaning rust from high tensile steel [Australia] (May 14)
51933. Extremely Rare 1935 Bugatti Showcar with Magnesium Body Needs "Bright,Silvery" Protective Surface! [California] (May 12)
52027. Repairing chrome exhaust pipe turned brown by cleaning fluid [South Africa] (May 8)
52044. Changing the Color on Door Levers [New Jersey] (May 5)
52042. Black chrome motor bike exhaust system [South Africa] (May 5)
52036. Repair for water stained unfinished bead board? [New York] (May 5)

6b. RESEARCH, THESIS TOPICS, UNIVERSITY & POST-GRAD STUDENTS


52509. How to analyse sliding wear with Achard's principle [UK] (July 2)
52404. Can copper bar be coated with any strengthening materials? [India] (July 2)
52498. Titration method for determination of ferrous and ferric iron in ferric and ferrous sulfate [Michigan] (July 1)
52491. Need Toxicology Data for Chem Project [Texas] (June 29)
52450. Running coefficient of friction between rubber and metal for water submerged elements [India] (June 25)
51982. Impermeable coating for 200 micron diameter alloy spheres [Wisconsin] (June 25)
52424. My thesis about electroplating [Philippines] (June 24)
52449. Lowering the concentration of Sodium hypochlorite from 12.5% to 5.25%. [Idaho] (June 24)
52402. Pickling solution for removing oxide layer from Zr metal or Zr alloy [India] (June 22)
52298. Sheet Metal Zinc Pre-plate Whisker Investigation [Kansas] (June 19)
52401. Thickness [Pakistan] (June 18)
52368. Chrome plating of automotive wheels [Australia] (June 18)
52369. Silver acetate preparation [India] (June 15)
51043. 250 micron Nickel Deposit With High ductility and Low hardness(175HV) [India] (June 15)
52354. Zirconium coating on aluminium [India] (June 12)
52336. Electrowinning of Copper [India] (June 11)
52335. How to Dry Wet Metallic Sterate Cakes(sludge)? [Pakistan] (June 11)
52334. PVD Resources and Information [Ohio] (June 11)
52286. Electroplating copper on carbon nanotubes [Ohio] (June 10)
52325. Fethard, Walled Town Festival needs coins to be struck for the occasion ! [Ireland] (June 10)
52297. Composition of chrome plating [Indonesia] (June 8)
52292. Black passivation of aluminum and stainless [India] (June 5)
52251. The looks of die cast aluminium [The Netherlands] (June 4)
52206. Role of anions in electroplating [California] (June 4)
52114. Need cheap pH measuring method for student project [Pakistan] (June 3)
52011. How to passivate aluminum with acid? [Pennsylvania] (June 3)
52171. "FEATHER METAL" stumps aerospace workers [California] (June 3)
52261. White and black rust on zinc plating after salt spray test [India] (June 3)
52192. Crack on glass to metal seal [Australia] (June 3)
52252. Finishing surfaces on NiTi implants for osteosynthesis [Brazil] (June 2)
52219. Cost Effective Corrosion Treatment of Aluminum for Boat Docks [Kansas] (June 1)
52152. Brighteners in cyanide zinc electroplating [Iran] (May 27)
52212. Cleaning Defaced Currency [Kenya] (May 26)
52158. Electrical conductivity for soil by mV (milli-Vols). [Australia] (May 22)
52181. Electrostatic screening problem [India] (May 21)
52133. Possible side reactions of nitric acid and methyl red [California] (May 20)
52123. What is the activation process in EN plating [Louisiana] (May 20)
52146. Stainless steel insulating plating [Florida] (May 18)
52145. Oxidation of titanium produces brookite or rutile? [India] (May 18)
52117. Conductive paint to fill etches on ABS/polycarbonate for fruit fly zapper [Wisconsin] (May 15)
51815. Cyanide Storage and Gold Electroplating in the 70's [Massachusetts] (May 15)
52086. Recommendation needed for black nickel vs. chrome plating [Colorado] (May 14)
52066. Increase the cathode efficiency in cobalt tungstate bath [Canada] (May 14)
52065. Calculating hydrogen output from micro generating plant [South Africa] (May 14)
52018. Is electroplating tank a batch reactor or CSRT reactor? [Pakistan] (May 14)
52082. How to electropolish copper [Iran] (May 13)
52057. Help needed with identifying metal plating and process [Australia] (May 11)
52051. Co-deposition of Boron Carbide [UK] (May 11)
52021. Etching of an enhanced Aluminum coating on a UV fused Silica substrate [India] (May 1)
52020. Etching of mild steel, high carbon steel and bright mild steel [South Africa] (May 1)
51983. Induce Chloride on Aluminium Pad (wafer) [Malaysia] (May 1)

6c. K-12 SCIENCE PROJECTS, GRAMMAR & HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT QUESTIONS


52497. Effects of acid rain [Kuwait] (July 1)
52380. Electroplating iron nails with copper and zinc [Australia] (June 29)
52423. What is in Rust Killers? [Australia] (June 29)
52364. Is the flow of electricity in the Daniell cell infinite? [Saudi Arabia] (June 18)
52362. How silver plating is done [Rhode Island] (June 12)
52194. Copper Sulphate Molarity [Australia] (June 12)
51923. Average life expectancy of just metal [England] (May 22)

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