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Oxide layer removal needed for adherent deposition?

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Is it necessary to remove oxide layer on mild steel prior to nickel electroplating ,in any case what would be the end result? What should I do so that elfy test and bend test will be met successfully (means for strong, adherent and homogenous deposit from Watts bath). I did an experiment of depositing nickel 20 micrometer thick and heat treated it in inert atmosphere but the coating was not adherent in the end.

Mazhar ul Islam
researcher - Islamabad, Pakistan

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In brief, the steel must be cleaned to a waterbreak-free condition, rinsed, then acid-dipped and rinsed. Yes, the oxide layer must be removed for adherent plating.

Ted Mooney, P.E.
finishing.com
Brick, New Jersey

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